Managers at each supply chain level need relevant and reliable data to manage the supply chain. With data the decision-makers can make data-driven strategic and operational decisions and take corrective actions contributing to an improved performance of the supply chain. Introducing standard performance indicators and dashboards for data visualization and standardization of processes and tools are core strategies promoted by the Gavi Alliance partners to improve data for management.

System design is an evidence-based approach to analyzing and modifying the components of the supply chain. This approach is driven by the need to continually assess the ability of the supply chain to support the availability of potent vaccines in an efficient manner, all in the context of a changing environment.

Supply Chain Leadership is about the human resources, the backbone of any functional supply chain. The approach aims to develop a workforce that is made up of dedicated and competent immunization supply chain leaders with adequate numbers of skilled, competent, accountable, motivated and empowered personnel at all levels of the health system. Personnel that are fully equipped to overcome existing and emerging supply challenges and to identify and leverage opportunities.

These are fundamental questions that must be addressed if immunization program has to be successful. Vaccines has to be stored and transported within a recommended temperature range and this has to be verified through proper temperature monitoring. Vaccines are distributed to remote areas where active devices such as refrigerators can no longer function due to lack of energy source. These challenges require a certain cold chain technology that is appropriate for the given condition. Finding answers to these questions is dealt within the subject of old chain.

Improvement planning is the evidence based approach of translating the analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, bottlenecks and root causes of an immunization supply chain into a multi-year strategic plan for continuous improvements, optimization and innovation for today’s and tomorrow’s needs.